He travelled extensively across the Indian subcontinent founding institutions of the widely influential philosophy of Advaita Vedanta. In the 8th century, Adi Shankara was born at Kalady in central Kerala. The early Cheras collapsed after repeated attacks from the neighboring Cholas and Rashtrakutas.ĭuring the early Middle Ages, Namboodiri Brahmin immigrants arrived in Kerala and shaped the society on the lines of the caste system. The dominion of Cheras was located in one of the key routes of the ancient Indian Ocean trade. The Cheras transformed Kerala into an international trade centre by establishing trade relations across the Arabian Sea with all major Mediterranean and Red Sea ports as well those of the Far East. It was mentioned as one of four independent kingdoms in southern India during Ashoka's time, the others being the Cholas, Pandyas and Satyaputras.
The term Kerala was first epigraphically recorded as Ketalaputo ( Cheras) in a 3rd-century BCE rock inscription by emperor Ashoka of Magadha.
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